Identify the opportunities provided by developments in earth observation and remote sensing for national scale monitoring of soil quality

摘要: Defra wish to establish what extent national-scale soil monitoring (both state and change) of a series indicators might be undertaken by the application remote sensing methods. Current activities rely on field-based collection laboratory analysis samples from across landscape according different sampling designs. The use offers potential encompass larger proportion landscape, but signal detected sensor has converted into meaningful measurement which may have considerable uncertainty associated with it. eleven were considered in this report are pH, organic carbon, bulk density, phosphorus (Olsen P), nitrogen (total N), magnesium (extractable), potassium copper (aqua regia extractable), cadmium zinc extractable) nickel extractable). However, we also comment for depth (in particular) peat depth, plus erosion compaction. In assessing methods change, addressed following questions: 1. When will these ready level further development is required? 2. Could any replace and/or complement traditional field based national scale monitoring? 3. Can measures change derived? 4. How could individual incorporated schemes? To address questions, undertook comprehensive literature internet search wrote range international experts sensing. It important note that status indicators, their two quite challenges; they variables variability likely differ. There particular challenges northern temperate regions (such as England Wales), including presence year-round vegetation cover means spectral reflectance cannot captured airborne or satellite observations, long-periods cloud limits satellite-based spectroscopy. We summarise each grouped where appropriate. Unless otherwise stated, would need combined ground-based make contribution detection indicators. Soil metals (copper (Cu), (Cd), (Zn), (Ni)): there no technical basis applying current approaches monitor either published studies shown how achieved. Soil nutrients: most promising technique improve estimates extractable (K) radiometric survey (detection gamma radiation low-flying aircraft) should investigated further. This unlikely assist change. Based literature, it possible enhance mapping (Mg), not using hyperspectral (satellite airborne) cultivated areas. needs detecting Olsen (extractable) (P). Organic carbon total nitrogen: (but change), areas only. In approach data applied statistical model trained soil.