Vitamin D in pregnancy

摘要: Pregnancy is a time of dynamic change in mother and fetus, with vitamin D playing key role the normal development performance multiple physiological systems. Maternal metabolism modified during pregnancy as evidenced by elevated circulating concentrations binding protein 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. 25-hydroxyvitamin (25(OH)D), which shows little pregnancy, main metabolite to cross placenta. Although there no consensus on optimal 25(OH)D suboptimal status prevalent populations pregnant women around world. Impairment has been investigated regards maternal outcomes including infertility, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, bacterial vaginosis, spontaneous preterm birth, mode delivery, periodontal disease, human immunodeficiency virus progression vertical transmission, though evidence for majority these inconsistent. Gestational may influence skeletal development, intrauterine growth, immune maturation, neural fetus. Vitamin inadequacy utero program later life health outcomes, potentially increasing risk asthma, type I schizophrenia, sclerosis offspring. intake recommendations most countries range from 5–15 μg/d. However, absence sun exposure such intakes be insufficient achieve adequate 25(OH)D, several expert committees have recommended 25–100 μg/d pregnancy. While adverse effects not reported trials utilizing doses, additional research necessary verify long-term safety offspring establish clinical protocol monitoring maintaining adequacy