Long-term SMOS soil moisture products: A comprehensive evaluation across scales and methods in the Duero Basin (Spain)

摘要: Abstract The European Space Agency’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Level 2 soil moisture the new L3 product from Barcelona Expert Center (BEC) were validated January 2010 to June 2014 using two in situ networks Spain. first network is Measurement Stations Network of University Salamanca (REMEDHUS), which has been extensively used for validating remotely sensed observations moisture. REMEDHUS can be considered a small-scale that covers 1300 km region. second large-scale main part Duero Basin (65,000 km ). At an existing meteorological Castilla y Leon region (Inforiego), probes installed 2012 provide data until 2014. Comparisons temporal series different strategies (total average, land use, type) as well collocated at each location performed. Additionally, spatial correlations on date computed specific days. Finally, improved version Triple Collocation (TC) method, i.e., Extended (ETC), was compare satellite estimates with outputs Water Balance Model Green-Ampt (SWBM-GA). results this work showed SMOS consistent measurements time comparisons, Pearson correlation coefficients ( R ) Agreement Index (AI) higher than 0.8 total average land-use averages 0.85 soil-texture averages. obtained Inforiego slightly better REMEDHUS, may related larger scale former network. Moreover, best when all jointly considered. In contrast, matching produced worse cases studied. These recent reprocessing L2 products (v5.51) accuracy retrievals such they are now suitable developing products, presented work. validation based comparisons between dense/sparse coarse resolution patterns reproduced patterns.