Accumulation and developmental toxicity of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) on the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus

摘要: Abstract The brominated flame retardants hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, widely distributed in aquatic systems including the marine environment and organisms. HBCDs toxic to development of both freshwater fish. However, impacts on invertebrates not well known. In this study, copepod, Tigriopus japonicus , was used assess bioaccumulation developmental toxicity technical HBCD (tHBCD) through water-borne exposure. uptake rate constant tHBCD by T . high, which resulted high potential. bioconcentration factors were 8.73 × 10 4 6.34 × 10  L kg −1 calculated using kinetic steady-state methods, respectively. Exposure nauplii caused significant growth delay. lowest-observable-effect-concentrations induced delay 30 8 μg L for F0 F1 generations, respectively, suggested that generation more sensitive than warranted multiple-generation tests future studies. Furthermore, exposure adult copepods transcription oxidative stress response genes apoptotic genes, e.g., SOD,CAT, GST, OGG1, P53 Caspase-3. It therefore speculated reactive oxygen species activated defense meanwhile DNA damage. damaged p53 triggered caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway, may be reason nauplii.