The Development of US Policies directed at stimulating Innovation and Entrepreneurship

摘要: This report explores how U.S. federal institutions fund and influence innovation in the knowledge economy context if any agencies or particular policies could be replicated other countries. Three key are identified as having significantly contributed to growth: (1) Small Business Innovative Research program (SBIR), (2) Advanced Technology Program (ATP) (3) Defense Agency (DARPA). How these have advanced US is explained detail. The beginning of offers a lens for understanding why research development does not necessarily lead innovation. ideas must pass through filter order become successful innovations. filter, which may impede potential innovations, means that transfers from innovations linear, nor they always even though conditions suitable. Therefore, needed help firms Valley Death commercial identifies conceivably Most notably, authors argue spurring European universities, with an SBIR-like institution, offer considerable transforming into concludes SBIR offered significant aid innovative its replication by Horizon 2020 also advantages commercialization inventions ideas. points out problems adopting