Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of dementia: A population-based cohort study

摘要: Abstract Introduction Emerging studies have implicated air pollution in the neurodegenerative processes. Less is known about influence of pollution, especially at relatively low levels, on developing dementia. We conducted a population-based cohort study Ontario, Canada, where concentrations pollutants are among lowest world, to assess whether exposure associated with incident Methods The population comprised all Ontario residents who, 1 April 2001, were 55–85 years old, Canadian-born, and free physician-diagnosed dementia (~ 2.1 million individuals). Follow-up extended until 2013. used health administrative databases validated algorithm ascertain diagnosis as well prevalent cases. Using satellite observations, land-use regression model, an optimal interpolation method, we derived long-term average fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm diameter) (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ozone (O 3 respectively subjects' historical residences based registry. multilevel spatial random-effects Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for individual contextual factors, such diabetes, brain injury, neighborhood income. various sensitivity analyses, lagging up 10 years considering negative control outcome which no (or weaker) association expected. Results identified 257,816 cases 2001–2013. found positive between PM incidence, hazard ratio (HR) 1.04 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.05) every interquartile-range increase . Similarly, NO was increased incidence (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.08–1.12). No O These associations robust analyses examined. estimates translate 6.1% 15,813 cases) attributable , observed distribution relative quartile this cohort. Discussion In large cohort, even higher incidence.