Tumorigenic Cell Reprogramming and Cancer Plasticity: Interplay between Signaling, Microenvironment, and Epigenetics

摘要: Accumulating evidences indicate that many tumors rely on subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability to propagate malignant clones indefinitely and produce an overt cancer. Of importance, CSCs seem be more resistant conventional cytotoxic treatments, driving tumor growth contributing relapse. can originate from normal committed which undergo tumor-reprogramming processes reacquire a cell-like phenotype. Increasing also show how homeostasis progression strongly capacity nontumorigenic dedifferentiate CSCs. Both microenvironment epigenetic reprogramming drive such dynamic mechanisms, favoring cell plasticity heterogeneity. Here, we report new developments led advancement in CSC field, elucidating concepts origin solid initiation maintenance. We further discuss main signaling pathways which, under influence extrinsic environmental factors, play critical role formation maintenance Moreover, propose review mechanisms whose deregulation favor onset features both Finally, provide update strategies could applied target plasticity.