Nature-based tourism and poverty alleviation: impacts of private sector and parastatal enterprises in and around Kruger National Park, South Africa.

摘要: International programmes and national policies around the world have identified tourism as an appropriate mechanism for sustainable development, poverty alleviation biodiversity conservation. To evaluate impact of nature-based on poor, socio-economic assessments were undertaken at enterprises based within South African protected areas. Comparisons made between local economic interventions reported by neighbouring community member's perceptions their initiatives. Socioeconomic impacts evaluated included employment, gender equality, procurement, corporate social responsibility, dependency access to markets. The studies demonstrate that isolated efforts from individual companies little tangible majority people living in highly populated rural communities but are substantial few who directly benefit. Implications these findings future initiatives through tourism, options to...