How to Promote Clusters: Policy Experiences from Latin America

摘要: Abstract In this paper we propose to differentiate between three types of clusters when it comes formulating cluster-oriented policies in Latin America. Survival micro- and small-scale enterprises owe their existence more unfavorable macroeconomic conditions less entrepreneurial competence dynamism. Their competitive potential is limited. Support measures should mainly aim at improving the for survival since these are important creating employment opportunities. The impetus be break through low skills/low investment vicious circle. More advanced differentiated mass producers have been flourishing import-substitution era but coming under enormous pressure with transition open economies. main challenge create an environment that stimulates supports learning, innovation, constant upgrading. Clusters transnational corporations typically dominated by foreign firms not only final assembly stage also parts production. These often showcases best-practice manufacturing; can used stimulate upgrading domestic firms, notably involving them supply-chain transnationals.