Dynamic Light Scattering: Applications of Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

摘要: 1 Introduction.- References.- 2 Light Scattering Apparatus.- 2.1. 2.2. Electromagnetic Waves.- 2.3. Scattering.- 2.3.1. Background.- 2.3.2. Fluctuations.- 2.3.3. The Coherence Area.- 2.3.4. Time Dependence.- 2.3.5. Local Oscillator.- 2.4. Experiment.- 2.4.1. 2.4.2. Source.- 2.4.3. Spectrometer.- 2.4.4. Detector.- 2.4.5. Signal Analyzers.- 2.5. Signal-to-Noise Ratio.- 2.5.1. 2.5.2. Effects due to Finite Intensity.- 2.5.3. Experiment Duration.- 2.5.4. Unwanted Scattered Light.- 2.6. Data Analysis.- 2.6.1. 2.6.2. Selecting the Theoretical Form.- 2.6.3. Use of ?2Test.- 2.6.4. Summary Possible Forms.- 2.6.5. Polydispersity.- 2.7. Special 2.7.1. Electrophoretic 2.7.2. Fabry-Perot Interferometers.- 2.7.3. Software Correlators.- 2.7.4. Cross-Correlation 2.8. Conclusions.- References and Notes.- 3 Dynamic Depolarized 3.1. 3.2. Principles 3.2.1. Configurations.- 3.2.2. Physical Principles.- 3.3 Rigid Macromolecules in Dilute Solution.- 3.3.1. Hydrodynamics Macromolecules.- 3.3.2. Interferometric Studies.- 3.3.3. Photon Correlation 3.4. Rod-Shaped Semidilute Solutions.- 3.5. Flexible 3.6. Rotation Small Molecules Viscous Media.- 3.7. Resonance-Enhanced 4 Particle Interactions.- 4.1. 4.2. Quantities Measured by 4.2.1. 4.2.2. Monodisperse Systems.- 4.2.3. Polydisperse 4.2.4. Discussion.- 4.3.Theory.- 4.3.1. 4.3.2. Stokes-Einstein Relations.- 4.3.3. Generalized Smoluchowski Equation.- 4.3.4. Hydrodynamic 4.3.5. Short-Time Motions.- 4.3.6. Projection Operator 4.3.7. Dynamics Small-q Limit-Cooperative Self-Diffusion.- 4.4. Charged Particles Suspension (Negligible Interactions).- 4.4.1. 4.4.2. Single-Particle 4.4.3. First Cumulant.- 4.4.4. Low-g Limit Effect 4.4.5. Memory Effects.- 4.5. 4.5.1. 4.5.2. Theory Collective Diffusion Coefficient Regime.- 4.5.3. Experimental Results.- 4.5.4. Microemulsions.- 4.5.5. at q.- 4.6. Small-Ion 4.7. 4.8. Addendum.- 5 Quasielastic from Polymer 5.1. 5.2.The Single Chain.- 5.2.1. Basic Statistics.- 5.2.2. Dynamical Regimes.- 5.2.3. Center-of-Mass (q R 1).- 5.2.4. Internal Structure Factor.- 5.3. Virial 5.4. 5.4.1. 5.4.2. 5.4.3. 6Dynamic Bulk Polymers.- 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. Sources 6.4. Theory.- 6.5. Applications.- 6.5.1. Brillouin Spectroscopy.- 6.5.2. Central Peaks.- 6.5.3. Rayleigh 6.6. 7 Critical Phenomena.- 7.1. 7.2. 7.2.1. Static Behavior.- 7.2.2. 7.3. 7.4 .Entropy 7.4.1. Entropy 7.4.2. 7.5. Multicomponent Fluids.- 7.5.1. Ternary Liquid Mixtures.- 7.5.2. Binary Fluid Presence Isotope Exchange...- 7.5.3. Tricritical Point 7.6. Spinodal Decomposition Behavior Induced Shear Flow.- 7.6.1. Decomposition.- 7.6.2. 8 Laser Micellar 8.1. 8.2. Aspects Deducing Size, Polydispersity, Shape.- 8.3. Applications 8.3.1. Aqueous Synthetic Detergent 8.3.2. Biological Micelles.- 8.3.3. Microemulsion Inverted 8.4. Summary.- 9Light Gels.- 9.1. 9.2. Modes 9.2.1. a Gel.- 9.2.2. Comparison between Polymers 9.2.3. aGel.- 9.2.4. Swelling 9.3. Kirkwood-Risemann-Type Expression Coefficient.- 9.3.1. Gels Good Solvent.- 9.3.2. Solvents.- 9.4. Phase Transition 9.5. Conclusion.- 10 10.1. 10.2. 10.2.1. Autocorrelation Function.- 10.2.2. Power Spectrum.- 10.2.3. Translational Diffusion.- 10.2.4. Uniform Motion.- 10.2.5. Rotational 10.2.6. Number 10.2.7. Transport Coefficients Molecular Structure.- 10.3. Instrumentation 10.3.1. Instrumentation.- 10.3.2. 10.3.3. Concentration 10.3.4. Charge 10.4. Macromolecular Characterization 10.4.1. Proteins.- 10.4.2. NucleicAcids.- 10.4.3. Viruses.- 10.4.4. Polysaccharides Proteoglycans.- 10.4.5. Vesicles Protein-Membrane Complexes.- 10.4.6. 10.5. Physiological Biomedical 10.5.1. Cataracts.- 10.5.2. Immunoassay.- 10.5.3. CellSurfaces.- 10.5.4. Monolayers, Films, Membranes.- 10.5.5. Entangled 10.5.6. Muscle.- 10.5.7. Velocimetry.- 10.5.8. Motility.- 10.6. References.