Soil and human health: an epidemiological review

摘要: Summary Two different approaches have been used to study relationships between soil and human health: aggregateand individual-level. Aggregate-level is the primary approach in geosciences broadly relates spatial characteristics geographic incidence of disease. However, this may not be appropriate for a wide range exposures disease outcomes. For example, many diseases with long latency periods are associated early life or cumulative exposure causative agent, rather than an individual’s current geographical location. Public health scientists epidemiologists often refer aggregate-level studies as being ‘hypothesis forming’, consider individual-level ‘gold standard’ investigating causes This paper investigates appropriateness outcomes by reviewing weight evidence from that included risk-factor The majority these very specific, inspired explicit case reports medical records. review showed was implicated mainly spread enteric parasites, but also certain cancers, bacterial infections, mycoses. There little specific contaminants agents at individual level there contrary this. Further into soil:human scenarios required order derive more dose-effect regulatory science risk assessment.