Surface Freshwater Limitation Explains Worst Rice Production Anomaly in India in 2002

摘要: India is the second-most populous country and important producer of rice world. Most Indian production depends on monsoon timing dynamics. In 2002, lowest precipitation last 130+ years was observed. It coincided with worst anomaly recorded by FAOSTAT from 1961 to 2014. that year, freshwater limitation blamed as responsible for yield losses in southeastern coastal regions. Given implication local food security international market stability, we here investigate specific mechanisms behind effects this extreme meteorological drought at national regional levels. To purpose, integrate output hydrological model, surface, satellite observations different cropping cycles into state-of-the-art novel climate indicators. particular, adopt standardized evapotranspiration index (SPEI) an indicator due surface water balance anomalies (i.e., evapotranspiration). We propose a new renewable availability non-local sources, i.e., river discharge (SDI) based modelled data. compare these indicators soil moisture retrieved satellites. link all diagnostics yields level, quantifying long-term correlations best match 2002 anomaly. Our findings highlight need integrating dynamics rainfall variability determine conditions fields assessment, modeling, forecasting.