Integrating ecological engineering and ecological intensification from management practices to ecosystem services into a generic framework: a review

摘要: There are many management approaches proposed to link practices and ecosystem services. Their common aim is improve the levels of specific services by driving key functions. However, an operational grid analysis needed. Among these approaches, scientists have recently put forward ecological engineering intensification which provide relevant examples for building testing a grid. Here, we propose integrate into generic framework from The novelty this consider as gradients inputs ecosystems. Specifically, actions defined according type level inputs, characterized along gradient endogenous exogenous biological artificial inputs. Our highlights importance interactions between natural capital properties. These determine functions that will sustain target We then show how can be distinguished unified within our framework. To illustrate this, use four case studies representing different types should thus help (1) researchers make improved assessments links practices, structure functions, ultimately services, foster meta-, cost-benefit- life-cycle analyses evaluations approaches; (2) project designers improving adequacy their action specified target; (3) managers establish specifications adapted objective.