Biomarkers of Cancer

摘要: Any measurable specific molecular alteration of a cancer cell either on DNA, RNA, protein, or metabolite level can be referred to as biomarker. The expression distinct gene enable its identification in tissue with none the surrounding cells expressing In past decade, dissection by means mRNA profiling enabled detailed classification according tumor subtypes. traditional system node metastases (TNM) has been main tool for identifying prognostic differences among patients and guiding treatment. TNM is based macroscopic microscopic morphological examination pathological samples. Despite advantage uniformity international communications studies, there are many limitations this first line method prediction prognosis cancer. It difficult distinguish related disease subtypes, which have different clinical outcomes. Hence need more exact biomarkers use practice. recent years discovery become major focus research. widespread prostate-specific antigen (PSA) prostate screening motivated researchers identify suitable types Biomarkers also useful diagnosis, monitoring progression, predicting recurrence assessing efficacy treatment (Jain 2014). advent targeted therapies such imatinib (Novartis’ Gleevec), trastuzumab (Roche’s Herceptin) rituximab Mabthera), where causal relationship established between drug target therapy, drives selecting given therapy well resistance.