Cardiac Glycoside Toxicity: More Than 200 Years and Counting

摘要: Digitalis toxicity produces a toxidrome characterized by gastrointestinal, neurologic, electrolyte, and nonspecific cardiac manifestations. Chronic remains much more difficult to recognize compared with an acute presentation because of the manifestations; therefore, serum glycoside levels are essential for diagnosis in this population. The mainstay management continues be rapid identification followed digoxin-specific antibody fragment therapy supportive care. Several controversies still remain, including patients dependent on hemodialysis, appropriateness calcium hyperkalemia, ideal agents arrhythmia therapy, potential utility plasmapheresis removal bound digoxin-antibody complexes.