Tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

摘要: Introduction and Objective : Placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy tube for drainage has been an integral part the standard nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedure. However, in recent years, procedure modified to what called 'tubeless' PCNL, which is replaced with internal provided by double-J stent or ureteral catheter. The objective this article review evidence-based literature on 'nephrostomy-free' PCNL compare safety, effectiveness, feasibility, advantages tubeless over PCNL. Materials Methods We performed MEDLINE database search retrieve all published articles relating Cross-references from retrieved as well urology journals not indexed MEDLINE, were also retrieved. Results majority studies have shown be safe economical procedure, reduced postoperative pain morbidity shorter hospital stay. Tubeless found effective even patients multiple stones, complex staghorn concurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction, various degrees hydronephrosis. technique successful obese patients, children, recurrent stones after open surgery. Conclusion can used favorable outcome selected (stone burden <3 cm, single tract access, no significant residual perforation, minimal bleeding, requirement secondary procedure), potential decreased pain, analgesia requirement, extended indications, like supine multiple, PUJ evidence insufficient should come prospective randomized trials.