Stratospheric Aerosol--Observations, Processes, and Impact on Climate

摘要: Interest in stratospheric aerosol and its role climate have increased over the last decade due to observed increase since 2000 potential for changes sulfur cycle induced by change. This review provides an overview about advances research comprehensive assessment of was published 2006. A crucial development 2006 is substantial improvement agreement between situ space-based inferences properties during volcanically quiescent periods. Furthermore, new measurement systems techniques, both space based, been developed measuring physical with greater accuracy characterizing composition. However, these induce challenges constructing a long-term climatology. Currently, levels less than 20% cannot be confidently quantified. The volcanic signals tend mask any nonvolcanically driven change, making them difficult understand. While carbonyl sulfide as relatively constant source has confirmed observations model simulations, large uncertainties remain respect contribution from anthropogenic dioxide emissions. New evidence provided that can also contain small amounts nonsulfate matter such black carbon organics. Chemistry-climate models substantially quantity sophistication. In many implementation processes coupled radiation and/or chemistry modules account relevant feedback processes.