Mechanotransduction in human bone: in vitro cellular physiology that underpins bone changes with exercise.

摘要: Bone has a remarkable ability to adjust its mass and architecture in response wide range of loads, from low-level gravitational forces high-level impacts. A variety types magnitudes mechanical stimuli have been shown influence human bone cell metabolism vitro, including fluid shear, tensile compressive strain, altered gravity vibration. Therefore, the current article aims synthesize vitro data regarding cellular mechanisms underlying cells loading. Current demonstrate commonalities different on one hand, along with differential activation intracellular signalling other. major unanswered question is, how do sense distinguish between load? The studies included present suggest that type magnitude loading may be discriminated by overlapping mechanosensory (i) ion channels; (ii) integrins; (iii) G-proteins; (iv) cytoskeleton. downstream pathways identified date appear overlap known growth factor hormone signals, providing mechanism interaction systemic influences local environment. Finally, exercise should emphasize amount load rather than number repetitions.