Aspects of the Biology and Species Composition of Skates (Rajiformes) from Insular Waters of Southeastern Alaska
作者： Joseph J. Bizzarro , Michael T. Vaughn
DOI: 10.1898/NWN08-44.1
关键词:
摘要: Key words: Raja rhina, Bathyraja, reproduc-tive biology, sex ratio, size composition, speciescomposition, Clarence Strait, Dixon Entrance,Gulf of AlaskaDirect and indirect fishing pressure on skates(Order: Rajiformes) has resulted in populationdeclines exploited stocks considerableshifts structure species compositionof skate assemblages (Walker Hislop 1998;Dulvy others 2000; Rogers Ellis 2000;Frisk 2002). Fishing mortality isespecially deleterious to many speciesbecause their k–selected life history traits,including slow growth, late ages at maturity,and low fecundity (Holden 1974; Cailliet andGoldman 2004). Large are morelikely exhibit these patterns andare therefore typically more susceptible toexploitation than smaller (Dulvy andReynolds 2002; 2005).Incidental catch skates is substantial inseveral Gulf Alaska groundfish fisheries suchas cod longline, halibut flatfish
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