Are old people more depressed? Cross-sectional data on Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale factors.

摘要: Abstract Age differences on the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were examined 4 age-cohort groups: 20-39 years (n = 548), 40-54 218), 55-69 352), and 70-98 212). On total CES-D, there was a significant age effect quadratic trend, with means middle aged least those oldest most elevated. CES-D subscales--Depressed Mood, Psychomotor Retardation, Lack of Well-being (i.e., reverse-scored items), Interpersonal Difficulties--the group scored highest only lack well-being. Somatic symptoms depression not Young adults depressed mood. Adults who are now old generally characterized by elevated self-reports depressive symptoms; however, items asking whether respondent has hopeful outlook, 70 older more likely to endorse such positive feelings.