Complexity as a means of resilience in metropolitan port areas: Application to the Aix-Marseille case study in France

摘要: Abstract Conscious of their high energy consumption and dissipation, metropolitan port areas lead transition adaption policies to achieve contribute a global shift toward low-carbon future. However, we may ask if the adaptation strategies processes greater resilience cities. Defining cities as system, this article examines issue through dynamic point view functional complexity, by analyzing evolution, in time, diversity (i.e. diversification primary sources) connectivity development intra- inter-connectivity among industrial, agricultural urban subsystems). Our research is embedded illustrated case study Aix-Marseille-Provence area (France). We show that complexification Marseille are not linear straightforward: they entail different phases characterized levels connectivity. identify co-evolving factors such new technological pathways, emergence or change business culture better cooperation, explain these dynamics. discuss results regard other contexts, especially Asia, order assess what extend can enhance understanding changes industrial societies. finally question ability strategies, implemented ecology approaches do deeply challenge use fossil energy, respond sustainability issues.