Apocynin inhibits the upregulation of TGF-β1 expression and ROS production induced by TGF-β in skeletal muscle cells

摘要: Abstract Background Pure apocynin, which can be traditionally isolated and purified from several plant species such as Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), acts an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity inhibiting its production reactive oxygen (ROS). Transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a that produces inhibition myogenesis, diminution regeneration induction atrophy in skeletal muscle. The typical signalling activated by TGF-β involves the Smad pathway. Purpose To evaluate effect apocynin on TGF-β1 expression muscle cells. Study design Controlled laboratory study. In vitro assays were performed with C2C12 cells incubated presence or absence (NOX inhibitor), SB525334 (TGF-β-receptor I chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor). Methods atrogin-1 was evaluated RT-qPCR and/or ELISA; Smad3 phosphorylation western blot; Smad4 nuclear translocation indirect immunofluorescence; ROS levels DCF probe fluorescent measurements. Results We show myoblasts respond to increasing own gene time- dose-dependent fashion abolished siRNA for Smad2/3. also induced ROS. Remarkably, inhibited well autoinduction expression. TGF-β-induced require PKC indicated using chelerythrine. Conclusion These results strongly suggest induces through TGF-β-receptor/Smad-dependent mechanism able inhibit this process, suggesting requires NOX-induced