Matter and Charge Distribution within Atomic Nuclei

摘要: An abrupt increase in our knowledge of nuclear densities has occurred recent years. When one recalls the meagre available prior to 1953 regarding distribution matter and charge within atomic nuclei, it is remarkable consider relatively detailed information when this article written January 1956. Before flood new observation theory from many quarters, concepts size, shape density had changed little conclusions emerging as a result startling experiments performed by Lord Rutherford 1 shortly after turn century. His measurements on scattering alpha particles thin foils gave first quantitative evidence positive atom demonstrated that both mass must be condensed volume described radius about 10−12 cm or, roughly, ten-thousandth size. The earlier proposal electric neutrality provided uniformly distributed throughout atom, through which (then newly discovered) electrons therefore move simple harmonic motions—a speculation advanced J. Thomson 2− was abolished necessary foundation laid for understanding structure beginning science physics. Even today, more than forty years Rutherford’s measurements, we recognize his research, extensions soon followed [17] stands greatest single step forward search distributions nuclei.