TONGUE MOVEMENTS IN FEEDING AND SPEECH

摘要: The position of the tongue relative to upper and lower jaws is regulated in part by hyoid bone, which, with anterior posterior suprahyoid muscles, controls angulation length floor mouth on which body 'rides'. instantaneous shape controlled 'extrinsic muscles' acting con- cert 'intrinsic' muscles. Recent anatomical research non-human mammals has shown that intrinsic muscles can best be regarded as a 'laminated segmental system' tightly packed layers 'transverse', 'longitudinal', 'vertical' muscle fibers. Each segment receives separate innervation from branches hypoglosssal nerve. These new find- ings are contributing development functional models tongue, many based increasingly refined finite element modeling techniques. They also begin explain observed behavior jaw-hyoid-tongue complex, or hyomandibu- lar 'kinetic chain', feeding consecutive speech. Similarly, major efforts, involving imaging techniques (cinefluo- rography, ultrasound, electro-palatography, NMRI, others), have examined spatial temporal relationships surface sound production. literature shows localized tongue-surface change process progresses. speech extensive between classes vowels consonants. Although there fundamental dichotomy referential framework methodological approach studies orofacial com- plex speech, it clear shapes adopted speaking seen feeding. It sug- gested range used matrix for both behaviors.