Viability of weed seeds in feed pellet processing.

摘要: Federal and state agencies in several western states now require the use of noxious weed-free or weed seed-free forage to hinder spread weeds. Forage can be certified as through administered programs. Processed feeds such pellets cubes made from noncertified hay uncleaned grain are some products that may potential sources infestations. This study was conducted determine levels seed contamination alfalfa hay/grain feed manufactured with commercial-grade equipment. Seeds whitetop [Cardaria draba (L.) Hand.], spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.), Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense Scop.], leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), common yellow sweetclover [Melilotus officinalis Lam.] were added known quantities alfalfa/grass mixed barley. The ground a hammermill screen 7.9-mm diameter perforations, barley pass 2.4-mm screen. In second experiment, uncertified 'Ladak 65' (Medicago sativa L.) seeds extruded pellet die before being another followed by extrusion die. Montana Department Agriculture collected pelleted various manufacturers during 1993 1994 estimate frequency. Grinding reduced emergence 98 100%. pelleting over 99%. Weed seedlings emerged 11% random samples manufacturers. Rigorous processing occurs when manufacturing reduces risk disseminating feed.