Interactions between locomotion and ventilation in tetrapods.

摘要: Interactions between locomotion and ventilation have now been studied in several species of reptiles, birds mammals, from a variety perspectives. Among these perspectives are neural interactions separate but linked central controllers; mechanical impacts upon ventilatory pressures flows; the extent to which latter may affect gas exchange energetics exercise. A synchrony, i.e. 1:1 pattern coordination, is observed many running mammals once they achieve galloping speeds, as well flying bats, some hopping marsupials. Other, non-1:1, patterns coordination seen trotting walking quadrupeds, bipedal humans birds. There evidence for an energetic advantage locomotor respiratory cycles mammals. constraint by reptiles (e.g. iguana), not others varanids crocodilians). In diving impact wing flapping or foot paddling on differential air sac enhances during breath hold improving diffusive convective movement oxygen parabronchi. This paper will review current state our knowledge such influences system function.