A REVIEW OF NEW DEMAND ELASTICITIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SHORT AND LONG RUN EFFECTS OF PRICE CHANGES

摘要: this derives from a recognition that in many countries increased capacity cannot easily cater for the forecast rates of traffic growth, and tools demand management therefore have greater importance. Among these tools, use price mechanism is particularly important because its contribution to generating funds public or private expenditure, helping markets operate more efficiently by ensuring external costs pollution congestion are met those who cause them. Therefore it policy-making be informed best available knowledge about sensitivity travel prices operating on it. During 1980s, some developments were taking place under standing ? not, primarily, generated policy interests, but context empirical theoretical studies emphasised broad range behavioural responses existed, complex dynamic processes adaptation implied responses. The papers edited Jones (1990) summarise developments. At same time, very large number elasticity being carried out, with little consistency method assumptions.