A Structural Equation Model of Vocational Rehabilitation Services: Predictors of Employment Outcomes for Clients with Intellectual and Co-Occurring Psychiatric Disabilities

摘要: The estimated prevalence of people with intellectual disabilities (ID) make up about 1% or 2.5 million the total United States (U.S.) population (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission [EEOC], 2011). However, state and regional rates this specialized vary widely (Centers for Disease Control Prevention [CDCP], 1996). For example, states within East South Central Atlantic regions (i.e., Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee, West Virginia, North Carolina, Carolina) have been found to highest ID, whereas Pacific Mountain Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming) lowest (CDCP, People serious mental illness (SMI) equate 6% 1 in every 17 Americans U.S. (National Alliance Mentally 111 [NAMI], ID SMI also historically under-employed placed into segregated "sheltered" work settings without same competitive integrated employment opportunities afforded mainstream society (Rubin & Roessler, 1995). Individuals more severe disabilities, require services, are less likely be competitively employed than other disability groups (Olney Kennedy, 2001). Further, both individuals continue drastically low compared despite fact that psychiatric want (Jahoda, Kemp, Riddell, Banks, 2008; Bond Campbell, 2008). cognitive an rate just over 28% almost 78% (Erickson, Lee, von Schrader, 2010, March 17). Yamaki Fujiura (2002) provide a slightly lower estimate their study under adults were 75% general population. In another estimate, EEOC (2011) reports 31% ID. From 1995 2005, Migliore Butterworth (2008) under-employed, lacked income at level financial self-sufficiency, worked fewer hours per week. Working age even has consistently reported 25% (Baron Salzer, 2002). Given these discrepancies as well historical nature populations being underrepresented labor force public (Degeneffe, 2000), it can expected who experience dual diagnosis co-occurring lower. there is very little data get accurate service outcomes Association State Mental Health Program Directors [NASMHPD], 2004). one National Dually Diagnosed (NADD) projected 30-35% disorder. Using EEOC's national estimates population, would roughly 750,000 875,000 disabilities. Dual generally defined " ... coexistence symptoms developmental health problems" (NADD, 2011, "What diagnosis?," para.l). More specifically, (previously known Retardation (MR)) characterized by significant limitations functioning (reasoning, learning, problem solving) adaptive behavior, which covers range everyday social practical skills. …