Multiple environmental services as an opportunity for watershed restoration

摘要: Abstract The impact of reforestation on water supplies is often considered in terms impacts yields. In specific circumstances, will improve quality, to the extent that previously unusable can be utilised. Such case with salinisation, a process threatens up 17 million hectares Australian farmland, major fresh resources, biodiversity and built infrastructure. This paper highlights value bundling payments for environmental services (PES) from watershed restoration, including quality improvement carbon sequestration coupled wood production, compares net returns existing agricultural land-use, using as an example 408 000 ha Warren–Tone (WT) south-western Australia. externalities different land use systems are also taken into account. this 105 000 ha was cleared agriculture, 25 000 ha subsequently reforested. A hydrological model (LUCICAT) used define relationships between reforestation/deforestation yield thus providing basis valuing benefits reforestation. Various land-use change scenarios were examined, modelling indicating more than 70% required restore stream salinity potable threshold 500 mg/L total dissolved salts (TDS). Options involve traditional land-uses or perennial pastures not deliver water. hydrological–land-use–economic (HLE) constructed, allowing costs examined at sub-watershed scales. Reforestation unprofitable when only revenues discount rate 9.5%, but profitable lower rates 9.5% prices least $22 t CO2-e. For latter, activities driven by economic selling carbon, generate externality benefit form improved without need any additional payment landholders. Payments lead improvements could represent new, source income landholders proviso there sufficient reach threshold. Alternatively, imposed those whose practices cause release salt waterways.