Bioenergetics of Exercising Humans

摘要: Human muscles, limbs and supporting ventilatory, cardiovascular, metabolic systems are well adapted for walking, there is reasonable transfer of efficiency movement to bicycling. Our economy bipedal walking (≈30%) far superior those apes. This overall body during bicycling represents the multiplicative interaction a phosphorylative coupling ≈60%, mechanical ≈50%. These efficiencies compare with other species locomotion. We capable runners, but our speed power inferior carnivorous omnivorous terrestrial mammalian quadrupeds because biomechanical physiological constraints. But, plasticity (i.e., ability switch among carbohydrate (CHO)- lipid-derived energy sources) endurance capacity very good by comparison most mammals, highly such as wolves migratory birds. ancestral hunting gathering depends on strategy capabilities in areas thermoregulation, plasticity. Clearly, competitive advantage survival biosphere intelligence behavior. Today, abilities that served early hunter-gatherers make interesting athletic competitions due wide variations human phenotypes. In contemporary society, stresses regular physical exercise serve minimize morbidities mortality associated inactivity, overnutrition, aging. © 2012 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 2:537-562, 2012.