Peninsular patterns in biological diversity: historical arrangement, methodological approaches and causal processes

摘要: Prior research has indicated that peninsula(r) effects appear to be idiosyncratic, depending on context, taxa, scales, and taxonomic levels. In this review (87 papers; 1950 2013) I report a historical arrangement of causal processes inducing diversity patterns may grouped as: (1) recent stochastic (equilibrium derived island biogeography theories); (2) events (palaeoclimatic palaeogeographic changes); (3) deterministic with geographical base–tip gradient; (4) anthropogenic processes. Patterns in species have also been reported for ecological habitat peninsulas the mainland. Here, mainly mechanisms at landscape/patch scale hypothesized, implications multiscale conservation strategies applied biogeography. Peninsular studies must overcome weaknesses methodological approaches regarding definition peninsular border procedures setting data analyses, inadequ...