Adaptation strategies of endolithic chlorophototrophs to survive the hyperarid and extreme solar radiation environment of the Atacama Desert.

作者: Jacek Wierzchos , Jocelyne DiRuggiero , Petr Vítek , Octavio Artieda , Virginia Souza-Egipsy

DOI: 10.3389/FMICB.2015.00934

关键词:

摘要: The Atacama Desert, northern Chile, is one of the driest deserts on Earth and, as such, a natural laboratory to explore limits life and strategies evolved by microorganisms adapt extreme environments. Here we report exceptional adaptation chlorophototrophic eukaryotic algae, prokaryotic cyanobacteria hyperarid extremely high solar radiation conditions occurring in this desert. Our approach combined several microscopy techniques, spectroscopic analytical methods, molecular analyses. We found that major strategy was avoid environmental colonizing cryptoendolithic, well as, hypoendolithic habitats within gypsum deposits. cryptoendolithic colonization occurred few millimeters beneath surface showed succession organized horizons algae cyanobacteria, which has never been reported for endolithic microbial communities. presence algal layer, close contact with sepiolite inclusions, their suggest occasional liquid water might persist these sub-microhabitats. also identified abundant carotenoids upper habitat scytonemin habitat. This study illustrates successful lithobiontic at limit result combination adaptive excess irradiance evapotranspiration rates, taking advantage complex structural mineralogical characteristics deposits – conceptually called “rock’s habitable architecture”. Additionally self-protection synthesis accumulation secondary metabolites likely produces shielding effect prevents photoinhibition lethal photooxidative damage chlorophototrophs, representing another level adaptation.

参考文章(81)
M. Orosa, E. Torres, P. Fidalgo, J. Abalde, Production and analysis of secondary carotenoids in green algae Journal of Applied Phycology. ,vol. 12, pp. 553- 556 ,(2000) , 10.1023/A:1008173807143
J.A. Nienow, Extremophiles: Dry Environments (Including Cryptoendoliths) Encyclopedia of Microbiology (Third Edition). pp. 159- 173 ,(2009) , 10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00277-7
Alfonso Davila, Jan Kastovsky, Benito Gómez-Silva, Jacek Wierzchos, Carmen Ascaso, Asunción de los Ríos, Christopher P. McKay, Sergio Valea, Comparative analysis of the microbial communities inhabiting halite evaporites of the Atacama Desert International Microbiology. ,vol. 13, pp. 79- 89 ,(2010) , 10.2436/20.1501.01.113
J. WIERZCHOS, B. CÁMARA, A. DE LOS RÍOS, A. F. DAVILA, I. M. SÁNCHEZ ALMAZO, O. ARTIEDA, K. WIERZCHOS, B. GÓMEZ-SILVA, C. MCKAY, C. ASCASO, Microbial colonization of Ca-sulfate crusts in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert: implications for the search for life on Mars. Geobiology. ,vol. 9, pp. 44- 60 ,(2011) , 10.1111/J.1472-4669.2010.00254.X
Anna A. Gorbushina, Life on the rocks. Environmental Microbiology. ,vol. 9, pp. 1613- 1631 ,(2007) , 10.1111/J.1462-2920.2007.01301.X
J. DiRuggiero, J. Wierzchos, C. K. Robinson, T. Souterre, J. Ravel, O. Artieda, V. Souza-Egipsy, C. Ascaso, Microbial colonisation of chasmoendolithic habitats in the hyper-arid zone of the Atacama Desert Biogeosciences. ,vol. 10, pp. 2439- 2450 ,(2013) , 10.5194/BG-10-2439-2013
Khanh-Hung Nguyen, Marylène Chollet-Krugler, Nicolas Gouault, Sophie Tomasi, UV-protectant metabolites from lichens and their symbiotic partners Natural Product Reports. ,vol. 30, pp. 1490- 1508 ,(2013) , 10.1039/C3NP70064J
P. J. Proteau, W. H. Gerwick, F. Garcia-Pichel, R. Castenholz, The structure of scytonemin, an ultraviolet sunscreen pigment from the sheaths of cyanobacteria. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. ,vol. 49, pp. 825- 829 ,(1993) , 10.1007/BF01923559
Cecilia Rubio, Ernesto Fernández, María Eliana Hidalgo, Wanda Quilhot, EFFECTS OF SOLAR UV-B RADIATION IN THE ACCUMULATION OF RHIZOCARPIC ACID IN A LICHEN SPECIES FROM ALPINE ZONES OF CHILE Boletin De La Sociedad Chilena De Quimica. ,vol. 47, pp. 67- 72 ,(2002) , 10.4067/S0366-16442002000100012