Characterizations of Functions of Biological Materials Having Controlling-Ability Against Ice Crystal Growth

摘要: Subzero winter temperatures pose a significant challenge to the survival of organisms in temperate and polar regions. Many living these areas have evolved number strategies for surviving extreme environments such as subzero temperature [1-5]. Some given organism use mechanism based on freezing point depression trough accumulation cryoprotectants sugars polyhydric alcohol [6]. Other physical damage avoidance through production antifreeze ma‐ terial ice nucleators [7-9]. Overwintering freeze tolerance play an important role adaptation promoting cold hardiness. Freeze-tolerant survive formation extracellular but typically do not intracellu‐ lar [3]. In contrast, freeze-avoiding must avoid or death will re‐ sult. These two alternative overwintering share many same physiological adaptations, alcohols, protein and/or gly‐ coprotein during acclimation [3, 10].