Marine spatial planning provides a comprehensive framework for building evidence-based shark risk management policies with sea-users

摘要: Abstract Marine spatial planning (MSP), a process aimed at negotiating the allocation of human activities sea, has to integrate new challenges arising from growing and their impacts on threatened marine ecosystems. Yet, human–wildlife interactions that result in threat humans are rarely explicitly addressed almost not all MSP. Rare events unprovoked shark bites can significantly impact local economies while leading polarized social debates often hinder development evidence-based risk public policy. Here, we suggest an approach for integrating its management into The method addresses simultaneously spatial, social, ecological components inherent uncertainties. is applied Reunion Island case study where implemented as response rapid increase frequency bite over past decade. Similar other countries implemented, sharks’ removal heart debate Islands (3860 fishing operations 5 years) data gaps provide fertile ground alternative discourses conflicts about risk. Through structured consultation involving 200 stakeholders demonstrate how MSP be used address considering multiple sea-uses conservation objectives. results ideal, both driver process, developing transparent, sustainable policy it places within broader social-ecological spectrum stakes.