Chapter 6 Heating stage spectroscopy: infrared, raman, energy dispersive x-ray and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

摘要: This chapter focuses on spectroscopy (especially, infrared spectroscopy) that has been a widely used technique in the industry for structural and compositional analysis of organic, organometallic, metalorganic, inorganic, polymeric materials, addition to quality control raw materials commercial products. Spectroscopic techniques are concerned with interaction between radiation some sort matter, using an energy or wavelength appropriate distance time scales relevant microscopic study atoms, molecules, solids. A large number types can be used: electromagnetic radiation, elementary particles, nuclei, ions, ultrasonic waves. The discusses Raman spectroscopy, which vibrational spectroscopic describes based interactions X-rays electrons sample. In-situ methods, such as heating stage emission have only limited extent. Infrared (IES) forms valuable applied situ during heat treatment. IES removes difficulties sample temperatures where reactions take place subsequent quenching prior measurement, because measures process it is actually taking place.