Decoupling forest characteristics and background conditions to explain urban-rural variations of multiple microclimate regulation from urban trees.

摘要: Background Rapid urbanization in semi-arid regions necessitates greater cooling, humidifying, and shading services from urban trees, but maximizing these requires an exact understanding of their association with forest characteristics background street weather conditions. Methods Here, horizontal vertical air soil shading, humidifying effects were measured for 605 trees 152 plots Changchun. Additionally, conditions (Tair, relative humidity, light intensity), (tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), under-branch canopy size, tree density, taxonomic family trees) (percentage building, road, green space, water, building distance to determined three urban-rural gradients ring road development, settlement history, types. Multiple analysis variance regression used find the changes, while redundancy ordination variation partitioning decoupling complex associations among microclimate regulations, characteristics, Results Our results show that cooling differences between shade full sunshine <4.5 °C <9.4%, respectively; was 1.4 °C, observed most cases (peak 1.4 °C). Pooled data showed non-monological changes all microclimate-regulating parameters, except a linear increase interception by (r2 = 0.45) center rural regions. Together regulating trends, increases Salicaceae percentage, Tair, intensity outside forests, surrounding buildings, greenspace percentage. Redundancy demonstrated mainly responsible regulation we (unique explanatory power, 65.4%), as well (12.1%), (7.7%). Discussion In general, stronger dry, hot, sunny weather. The areas more buildings relatively lower higher abundance Ulmaceae, percentage Leguminosae Betulaceae. Larger usually associated larger area (a smaller difference per one unit tree). Given uncontrollable conditions, our findings highlighted canyon are important regulation. This paper provides management strategy using methodologically supports uncoupling regulations fast