Low pressure membrane processes ∼ doing more with less energy

摘要: This paper discusses strategies to reduce energy usage in low pressure membrane processes. Studies on the role of air bubbling control fouling submerged systems are described. Factors importance shown include fibre movement and use most appropriate bubble size. Results given that favour small bubbles, this is supported by shear stress analysis using particle image velocimetry. It also shown, for deadend filtration solids feed, optimal flux based conventional economics much greater than minimization usage. observation may be general applicability illustrates capital cost penalty inherent minimizing environmental impact