作者: Stefanos-Aldo Papanicolopulos , Antonis Zervos
DOI: 10.1080/19648189.2010.9693278
关键词:
摘要: Second-gradient theories represent a frequently used subset of continua with microstructure. This paper presents an extended overview second-gradient theories, starting from simple one-dimensional example, proceeding thorough description gradient elasticity and additionally briefly describing some other this kind. A series characteristic examples is presented to demonstrate the main aspects applications theories. Finally, complications in finite-element implementation are presented, along review finite elements that have been developed for purpose.