Effects of local and landscape factors on spiders and olive fruit flies

摘要: Abstract Conservation biological control uses naturally occurring enemies to limit pest populations and increase agricultural sustainability. The olive is an important perennial crop in Mediterranean countries there a high demand for alternative solutions pesticide applications. As spiders are the most abundant predators trees, they could be effective against fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), main of this crop. In order optimise effectiveness spiders, it essential understand their relationship with environmental factors at both local landscape scales. We studied potential prey canopies 18 orchards different landscapes Monte Pisano (central Italy). abundance species richness as well sheet web were lower conventional than organic orchards. composition spider communities was affected by amount garigue surrounding landscape, flies increased increasing percentage wood landscape. Olive fly densities negatively correlated cursorial spiders⿿ abundance, suggesting that may involved suppression. response family guild specific, tailored management requires further clarification individual interactive effects families guilds on B. oleae.