Human Teratogens: Current Controversies

摘要: It is estimated that approximately 10% of congenital structural anomalies are the result adverse effect environmental factors on prenatal development [1]. This means 1 in 250 newborn infants have defects caused by an exposure and, presumably, a larger number children growth retardation or functional abnormalities resulting from nongenetic causes, other words, effects teratogens. A teratogen defined as any factor can produce permanent abnormality structure function, restriction growth, death embryo fetus. These comprise medications, drugs, chemicals, and maternal conditions diseases, including infections (Table 1). The term used more commonly, however, to refer only chemicals less frequently diseases may be associated with birth offspring. review uses its widest connotation. Some investigators consider there no teratogens such but teratogenicity function [2,3]. concept virtually substance capable adversely affecting conceptus if given at high enough dose known teratology Karnofsky’s law [4]. Brent [1] noted it inappropriate label agent teratogenic without characterizing dose, route exposure, stage pregnancy when occurred. because, has long been recognized, fetus depend chemical physical nature several factors, route, length exposure; developmental which occurs; genetic susceptibility mother fetus; presence