Impacts of forest and land management on biodiversity and carbon

摘要: Changes in the management of forest and non-forest land can contribute significantly to reducing emissions from deforestation degradation. Such changes include both actions - such as improving protection restoration existing forests, introducing ecologically responsible logging practices regenerating on degraded aimed at drivers loss degradation through agricultural practices. The impacts carbon stocks emissions, biodiversity are often complex non-linear. While REDD+ always expected reductions or increases sinks, outcomes for vary greatly, depending types activities, prior ecosystem state wider landscape context. Actions protecting forests clearance and/or further fire overharvesting timber non-timber resources likely deliver greatest most immediate benefits maintenance biodiversity. Where already converted uses, reforestation generate rapid but with varying There is potential negative if naturally ecosystems plantation forestry. Resolving current uncertainties information gaps requires developing effective programmes assessing impacts. These be built emerging monitoring, reporting verification (MRV) systems order provide integrated guidance design continuous improvement national approaches REDD+. In particular, spatial distribution responses different forms intervention used guide strategic investments that achieve significant conservation benefits.