The Effect of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation on Water Relations of Carolina and Eastern Hemlock

摘要: In North America, hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae) is an exotic insect pest from Asia that causing rapid decline of native eastern (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.) and Carolina caroliniana Engelm.) populations. The exact physiological mechanisms cause tree mortality are not known, despite substantial research efforts on ecological impacts potential control measures HWA. Eastern may be reacting to infestation in a manner similar the response Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poir.) by balsam (BWA; picea). It known produces abnormal xylem BWA feeding. This obstructs water movement within trees, die stress.