Emergy evaluation of a swamp dike-pond complex: A new ecological restoration mode of coal-mining subsidence areas in China

摘要: Abstract The swamp dike-pond complex (SDPC) is a mode of ecological restoration in coal-mining subsidence areas China that consists an engineered and dike-pond. aim this study to compare conventional reclamation systems by performing emergy analysis. analysed included SDPC contrasting fish ponds (CFP) stabilized area submergence can be used as transition system during the course succession areas. Indices, ratios ternary diagrams based on assess behaviours three systems. Emergy analysis was well suited for task because it capable converting all energies, materials information common unit quality allow deep comparisons across results show most dependent upon renewable resources, efforts were made maintain natural mechanisms energy matter flow regulation much possible. Therefore, has greater efficiency terms biological use level environmental loading. CFP more fraction purchased inputs nonrenewable from outside. sustainability index values ranged 0.82 4.31 9.12 area. confirm less stressful environment sustainable than In addition, respective ecosystem service each 1.52E + 17 sej/yr/ha 2.90E + 16 sej/yr/ha area, which 10.1 1.9 times higher value CFP, respectively. This research suggests vegetation, faunal communities functional hydrology, support entire via food web, restored SDPC, wetlands provide economic benefits return their services functions. Endangered rare species, such Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri) reed parrotbill (Paradoxornis heudei), found prospects species depend future policies China. To safeguard biodiversity, SDPCs should preferred over other methods. work will inform policy making recommend better management practices government.