Concentration of ionic compounds in the wintertime deposition

摘要: Abstract Chemical analyses performed on samples taken annually from snow pits a glacier in the Austrian Central Alps allowed for an assessment of wintertime deposition loads acidifying components into very remote areas European standards. An analysis ion-to-ion regression revealed that there were two different clusters samples. One cluster exhibited Cl- to Na+ ratio close one, other, much smaller group had distinctly higher ratio. Those which belonged equimolar and also tended exhibit NH+4 SO2-4 While discrepancy was attributed source regions affecting receptor area, no identification possible at this stage. The total (in samples, both wet dry incorporated) compared figures given official emission inventories area Europe. High interannual variability sulfate prevented statistically meaningful trend be found. Neither nitrate nor nitrogen oxide emissions indicated increasing or decreasing trend, while ammonia decreasing, but increasing. In contrast literature data trends precipitation Europe, increase pH observed site. With respect average density per-area accounted least 12% sulfur oxides 22% reduced nitrogen. absolute terms, influx S- N-compounds during winter period found order 3 kg ha-1 each (as minimum estimate). It may assumed is lower limit expected