Innate Immune B Cell Activation by Leishmania donovani Exacerbates Disease and Mediates Hypergammaglobulinemia

摘要: Summary Participation of B cells in the immune response by various antibody-independent mechanisms has recently been uncovered. producing cytokines have described for several infections and appear to regulate adaptive response. cell activation by Leishmania donovani results disease exacerbation. How activates is still unknown. We show that L. donovani amastigotes activate triggering endosomal TLRs; this leads induction various cytokines. Cytokine expression completely abrogated from Ifnar −/− mice upon exposure , suggesting an involvement IFN-I a positive feedback loop. also appears enhance TLRs following . Cell-specific ablation TLR signaling revealed innate responsible exacerbation through IL-10 production promotion hypergammaglobulinemia.