Performance evaluation of various individual and mixed media for greywater treatment in vertical nature-based systems.

摘要: Nature-based systems (NBS) are a cost-effective, energy efficient and aesthetically pleasing approach for greywater treatment, but they space intensive. Vertical NBS overcome this issue must utilize lightweight media to reduce their construction costs. This study evaluates four common plant growing media: perlite, coco coir, LECA sand, compares them with two new derived from local waste materials: date seeds spent coffee grounds (SCG). The characterized tested removal of various pollutants. Further tests conducted comparing mixtures perlite-coco coir seeds-SCG. SCG was found be an excellent providing similar degree treatment as the best traditional media, improved drainage. Drainage further by mixing seeds, which performed better than any mixture perlite coir. Most pollutants showed slight deterioration in performance mixture, although suspended solids chemical oxygen demand improved. An increased bed height SCG, while hydraulic loading resulted decreased all media. demonstrates potential locally recycled materials realize vertical NBS.