PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND DIFFERENCES Traits, Consistency, and Self-Schemata: What Do Our Methods Measure?

摘要: Psychologists have responded to the inadequacies that Mischel (1968) noted in trait approach personality by exploring two other facets of personality, cross-situational consistency and self-schemata. These newer approaches yet be clearly distinguished conceptually or empirically from traditional model they were designed supplement replace. Our research tries do this. In it, samples respondents (N = 362) rated extent which, 10 traits applied them (overall level), their on these (crosssituational consistency), importance view themselves (self-schema). Correlational analyses show measures self-schema lack discriminant validity overall level. Specifically, correlations with level as high internal consistencies. We argue measurement models for self-schemata not adequately reflect theoretical counterparts. This failure undercuts interpretations recent Markus (1977), Markus, Crane, Bernstein, Siladi (1982), S. Bern (1981). To a great results psychologists' attempt understand has been list causes, correlates, consequences. But others (Peterson, 1968; Vernon, 1964) severely questioned value this enterprise. One responses Mischel's criticism introduction alternative ways thinking about personality—the approach. intention article is examine conceptual distinctions among posited three methods measuring them.