Quantification of social costs associated with construction projects: state-of-the-art review

摘要: Abstract Communities that surround an operating construction site often find themselves subjected to negative impacts such as annoyances and economic losses. The latter called “social costs”, refer the monetary equivalent of consumed resources, loss income enjoyment experienced by parties not engaged in contractual agreement, solely due a process. Social costs take many forms including revenue, productivity time, consumption non-renewable resources accelerated deterioration secondary roads. costs, while widely acknowledged, are rarely considered design, planning or bid evaluation phases projects North America. This is attributed difficulty associated with quantifying social using standard estimating methods fact these borne community rather than parties. paper outlines 22 sources urban environments. concept `social indicators' introduced mean link adverse generated activities valuation methods. Thereafter, seven methodologies developed fields economics actuary presented their suitability for specific classes investigated. capacity current account also examined. It concluded methodical approach incorporation process will be key step towards more sustainable-oriented industry. A generic framework development presented. Finally, developing reference document estimate examined sample format proposed.