Affinity enrichment for mass spectrometry: improving the yield of low abundance biomarkers.

摘要: Introduction: Mass spectrometry (MS) is the premier tool for discovering novel disease-associated protein biomarkers. Unfortunately, when applied to complex body fluid samples, MS has poor sensitivity detection of low abundance biomarkers (≪10 ng/mL), derived directly from diseased tissue cells or pathogens. Areas covered: Herein we discuss strengths and drawbacks technologies used concentrate analytes in fluids, with aim improve effective discovery. Solvent removal by dry-down dialysis, immune-depletion high serum plasma proteins, shown have disadvantages compared positive selection candidate affinity enrichment. A theoretical analysis enrichment reveals that yield a direct function binding (Association/Dissociation rates) biomarker capture. In addition, capture pre processing step can effectively dissociate partitioning proteins such as albumin. Expert commentary: Properly designed materials enrich (0.1–10 picograms/mL) detection. Affinity concentration, an upfront sample preparation MS, combined advances software hardware resolution chromatographic separation transformative new class predicting disease risk latency.