Product/Service Systems Experiences : an International Survey of Swedish, Japanese, Italian and German Manufacturing Companies

摘要: Product/Service Systems have recently grown in manufacturers’ interest. This paper presents an international survey of manufacturers from Sweden, Japan, Italy and Germany. The results show that customer connection demands along with increased competition were main driving forces for product/service systems. Also, most systems include physical products, maintenance repairs. Staff working product development, marketing after sales the major actors system development. As traditional sales, still ownership products transferred to customer/user. Physical used are seldom adapted